Greenlee 0159-23 Journeyman's Tool Kit, Metric, 21 Piece

Monday, May 6, 2013

Seasonal Lawn Care

Seasonal Lawn Care





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While winter has arrived for many of us, the weather is somewhat unpredictable anymore. With warmer seasons the autumn weather seems to last a bit longer in some regions nowadays. That said, fall lawn care is essential to a healthy turf. Just because it is getting cooler out, doesn't mean the work is through. Each fall, there are certain lawn care needs that you can have done to achieve that healthy green lawn that looks beautiful.

Probably the one of the most overlooked things one can do is a soil test. A lot of people are not even aware, or think about ever having soil tested. Having a soil test done can identify the proper levels of fertilizer that the lawn may need, and any problems with the acidity of the soil (pH). If the soil is extremely acidic, then one will need an application of lime, more than likely in both the spring, and the fall. The lower the pH, the more acidic the soil is. One needs to know the ph of the soil, as well as what types of fertilizer to use, but never fertilize without knowing the condition of the soil. One could do more harm than good in some cases.

Autumn is one of the best times to fertilize. If you only fertilize your lawn once a year then this is the ideal season to do it. I personal recommend at the very least two times a year, once in the spring, and again in the fall. Once to green it up, and once to keep it green. When you apply fertilizer in the fall you'll want to use an N-P-K ratio (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium) of 3:1:2 or 4:1:2. It's not as important to match the ratios perfectly as it is to use them as a guideline. When in complete doubt, use a well balanced fertilizer.

So, now you know the condition of your soil, and you picked up your fertilizer of choice at the local hardware store. Check the fertilizer bag or container for information about how many square feet a bag will yield and what setting the spreader should be adjusted to. The best way to apply your fertilizer and lime is using a spreader. These can often be found at any hardware store or even you're local Walmart. I bought an inexpensive one for about at the hardware store 5 years ago and it still works great.

Something to consider prior to fertilizing and applying lime to the lawn, one really should aerate it. This is a great way to promote healthy growth of grass and prevent vegetation, and soil compaction. Aerating your lawn is an easy task that anyone can do, but if you prefer to have it done by a professional, ask your LCC about aeration today.

Lawn over seeding is another really important thing to be done in the autumn, if you want your lawn to stay thick and lush. By over seeding you can ensure that your lawn will have a long lustrous life. Over seeding will help replace grass loss as shoots die off.

One more tip, is to NOT leave leafs that have fallen to the ground on the grass. It is simply not possible to grow a healthy turfgrass under a mat of leafs. Not to mention the unsightly effects this has on a lawns aesthetics.

Your lawn, like all living things needs essential elements such as oxygen to survive. When one leaves leafs on the turf, it also will hinder the effectiveness of any herbicides, or fertilizers they may add. Leaf removable is an important task when it comes to your lawns health. Not to mention the benefits it has towards the overall aesthetics of your property. Be sure to ask your lawn care company (LCC) about leaf clean up, most do offer this service, and it is an investment worth making.

So this fall before you put all the tools away make sure you spend some time caring for your lawn. Or, if you are like most people nowadays, and use a LCC, be sure to check with your provider that all is being done that needs to be done. You'll be glad you did next spring when you are the envy of the neighborhood with your beautifully, lush green lawn.


Seasonal Lawn Care


Greenlee Tool



Greenlee Tool

Seasonal Lawn Care



Seasonal Lawn Care
Seasonal Lawn Care



Greenlee Tool

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

How To Check Your Fiber Link In Two Minutes With A Visual Fault Locater

How To Check Your Fiber Link In Two Minutes With A Visual Fault Locater





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What are fiber optic visual fault locators?

Fiber optic visual fault locators are also called visual fault finders. They are low cost, battery powered fiber test tools to find fiber imperfections, fiber breaks (fiber cutting), microbends and macrobends in fiber optic cable links. Visual fault locators come in a pen shape or handheld style with a fiber optic connector adapter to accept different connectors such as FC, ST, SC, LC or even MTRJ.

How do they work?

Visual fault locators inject a highly visual red color laser light into optical fiber cables. The red light can be switched between continuous mode (continuous wave) or pulse mode with a 1~2 Hz frequency and 60ms duration.

The light source is usually a high power, extra long life, class 2 laser diode at 635nm. Other available wavelengths are 650nm and 670nm.

The fault locater injects light into fiber cables through a built-in connector adapter. Two types of connector adapters are available: 2.5mm and 1.25mm in diameter. The 2.5mm version accepts FC, SC and ST connectors and the 1.25mm version accepts LC and MU connectors.

The fiber installation technician can then look at the length of the fiber cable and where glowing or blinking light is seen, a break, microbending or macrobending exists.

The tool can be used as a stand-alone first-line basic troubleshooting tool or in conjunction with an OTDR to pinpoint faults. It can also be used as a continuity tester.

The construction of a laser fault locater

Laser fault locater is a simple and reliable tool. It consists of laser light source, pulse modulation circuit board, light coupling lens and fiber optic connector adapter.

Applications

Fiber optic visual fault locators are regularly used for testing and finding breaks in LANs, FDDI, ATM, fiber data links and loops, telephones, ships and other vessels. Its industry applications include fiber optic networks, telecoms network and CATV network maintenance.

Manufacturer brand names and their corresponding quality

Wilcom, Fluke, Noyes, Greenlee, Ideal, Wavetek all supply high quality visual fault locators. Our preference is Wilcom's products since they have been in this market the longest time and their products are generally very high quality.

Understanding the specifications

1. Fiber distance

The fiber distance spec tells the longest fiber length where you can still see the leakage light without difficulty. This spec is determined by the laser light power. The industry standard spec is 10km for multimode fibers and 5km for single mode fibers.

2. Wavelength

Wavelength is not a critical spec. 635nm, 650nm and 670nm will all work just fine.

3. Output power

Output power is an important spec for visual fault locators. The higher output power, the longer fiber distance it can support. This spec is usually 0.5mW coupled to single mode fibers and 2mW to free space (which means no fiber coupling, just the light output from the tester's connector adapter).

4. Fiber mode

All visual fault locators can work with both single mode and multimode fibers. Since multimode fiber has a 50um or 62.5um core, which is much bigger than single mode fiber's 9um core, more light power can be coupled in to multimode fibers. That translates to longer fiber distance for multimode fibers which is usually 10km. For single mode fiber, however, fiber distance is only 5km.

5. Modulation frequency: CW and 2Hz

Human eyes are much more sensitive to a blinking light than to a steady light. So visual fault locators provides two operating modes: continuous wave and pulse light.

In most cases, fiber optic installation technicians prefer the pulse light mode which turns the laser source on and off in 2Hz or 1Hz frequency.

6. Battery

Usually two AAA alkalescence batteries


How To Check Your Fiber Link In Two Minutes With A Visual Fault Locater


Greenlee Tool



Greenlee Tool

How To Check Your Fiber Link In Two Minutes With A Visual Fault Locater



How To Check Your Fiber Link In Two Minutes With A Visual Fault Locater
How To Check Your Fiber Link In Two Minutes With A Visual Fault Locater



Greenlee Tool

Tuesday, January 22, 2013

Why is VoIP Replacing PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)? Fiber Optic Communication Tutorial

Why is VoIP Replacing PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)? Fiber Optic Communication Tutorial





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The History of Traditional PSTN

The traditional PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) has been continuously improving since its inception by Alexander Bell. There are valid reasons why PSTN exists in its current state.

What is Ring-Down

At first, Bell developed a ring-down circuit, which means no dialing of numbers. Instead, a physical wire connected two phone devices. You simply pick up the phone and the other person is on the other end directly and there was no ringing at all.

Basically this structure fell flat when more and more users joined the network. Since based on this concept, you will need a wire between any two person who wants to have a phone call. With more customers joining in, this became a messed up mesh network which was very costly and impossible to construct and manage.

The Inception of Switch

That was the time when the concept of a switch came to play. Each user only needed one cable to connect to the central office switch, the switch can then connect the user to any other users.

Initially, the switch was manually operated by a telephone operator. The operator connected the caller to whoever he wanted to call by manually connecting the voice path.

Later, the manual labor switch was replaced by electronic switches which was much faster and had much more capacity.

Limitations of PSTN

PSTN has actually done a pretty job: switching voice calls, that is, until now. With more data traffic than voice traffic on the network, the traditional PSTN network just is not flexible enough to keep up with the new technologies and customer requirements. Here are some simple explanations.

1. Data traffic has overtaken voice traffic. The current status is: data traffic is actually running on top of networks that were built for voice. However, data traffic has its own characteristics which makes it simply not efficient running on top of a voice network.

The industry trend is to build networks with a data-centric approach. Then all traffics including data, voice and video can all run on this network.

2. PSTN is not capable of keeping up with customers' new demands. PSTN was designed as a one-company show. Only vendors of the PSTN equipment can develop applications for that equipment. With modern ever changing demands, it is simply impossible for any one company to meet all the needs of all the customers. A more open infrastructure which allows many vendors to provide applications is required.

3. Current PSTN cannot support Data, Video and Voice altogether. In the backbone of PSTN, the convergence of data, voice and video is has been happening for fairly long time. However, it still takes some time to make it to all the homes. With high speed broadband access, such as DSL, cable or wireless, the convergence of data, video and voice to the home is finally happening.

4. PSTN was simply not designed for carrying data traffic. Because the bearer channels, call control and service logic are tightly bound in one closed platform, it is not possible to make minor changes that might improve audio quality.


Why is VoIP Replacing PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)? Fiber Optic Communication Tutorial


Greenlee Tool

Failed Live assassination attempt Bulgarian Politician Ahmed Dogan during speech



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Tube. Duration : 5.02 Mins.



Failed Live assassination attempt Bulgarian Politician Ahmed Dogan during speech



SECOND VIEW VIDEO HAS BEEN RELEASED www.youtube.com Remember to subscribe! Police in Bulgaria detained a man after he pointed a gun at an ethnic Turkish party leader as he was delivering a speech in the capital. No shots were fired. The video from the Saturday event in Sofia shows the man climbing the podium where Ahmed Dogan, the leader of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms, was speaking on Saturday, and pointing the gun to his face. Dogan struck the man before other delegates wrestled the assailant to the ground, and police took him away.

Failed Live assassination attempt Bulgarian Politician Ahmed Dogan during speech

Failed Live assassination attempt Bulgarian Politician Ahmed Dogan during speech




Failed Live assassination attempt Bulgarian Politician Ahmed Dogan during speech

Failed Live assassination attempt Bulgarian Politician Ahmed Dogan during speech

No URL Failed Live assassination attempt Bulgarian Politician Ahmed Dogan during speech




SECOND VIEW VIDEO HAS BEEN RELEASED www.youtube.com Remember to subscribe! Police in Bulgaria detained a man after he pointed a gun at an ethnic Turkish party leader as he was delivering a speech in the capital. No shots were fired. The video from the Saturday event in Sofia shows the man climbing the podium where Ahmed Dogan, the leader of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms, was speaking on Saturday, and pointing the gun to his face. Dogan struck the man before other delegates wrestled the assailant to the ground, and police took him away.




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Greenlee Tool

Why is VoIP Replacing PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)? Fiber Optic Communication Tutorial



Why is VoIP Replacing PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)? Fiber Optic Communication Tutorial
Why is VoIP Replacing PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)? Fiber Optic Communication Tutorial






Greenlee Tool